Ototoksisitas akibat Penggunaan Cisplatin dan Pendekatan Otoprotektif untuk Pencegahannya
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.25077/jokli.v2i1.36Keywords:
ototoksik, cisplatin, preventif, intratimpaniAbstract
Latar Belakang: Peningkatan secara statistik angka harapan hidup pasien kanker setelah diterapi membuat pemantauan efek samping jangka panjang kemoterapi sangat dibutuhkan. Cisplatin menjadi agen kemoterapi pilihan pada kanker kepala dan leher karna sifatnya yang sangat poten. Bertentangan dengan manfaat terapiutik tersebut, pemakaian cisplatin memiliki potensi masalah ototksik yang dapat menyebabkan gangguan pendengaran. Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui dan memahami mekanisme ototoksisitas akibat penggunaan cisplatin dan upaya otoprotektif. Tinjauan Pustaka: Sebagai agen kemoterapi, cisplatin memiliki beberapa efek samping salah satunya bersifat ototoksik. Mekanisme ototoksik akibat cisplatin dihubungkan dengan pembentukan radikal bebas yang menyebabkan apoptosis pada sel rambut luar koklea dan jaringan penunjang di organ Corti. Pasien yang menerima pengobatan cisplatin harus dilakukan evaluasi fungsi pendengaran secara berkala. Sampai saat ini belum ada obat-obatan yang menjadi pilihan utama dalam upaya preventif ototoksik akibat cisplatin. Penggunaan obat golongan seperti N-asetilsistein, sodium tiosulfat, vitamin E, amifostin membuka harapan untuk pengembangan terapi preventif ototoksik. Kesimpulan: Efek samping ototoksik yang ditimbulkan merupakan salah satu masalah yang harus ditatalaksana. Monitoring pendengaran dibutuhkan untuk mendeteksi pemasalahan ini. Beberapa agen otoprotektif seperti antioksidan dan kortikosteroid dapat menjadi pilihan tatalaksana dalam upaya preventif. Pemberian agen otoprotektif secara sistemik dan intratimpani memiliki kelebihan dan kekurangan dalam penggunaannya.
Kata kunci: ototoksik, cisplatin, preventif, intratimpani
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