Konsumsi Ikan Asin Meningkatkan Risiko Kanker Nasofaring: Tinjauan Sistematik dan Meta-analisis
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.25077/jokli.v2i1.46Keywords:
Ikan asin, Kanker nasofaring, frekuensi, Salted fish, nasopharyngeal cancer, frequencyAbstract
Latar Belakang: Kanker nasofaring atau sering disebut sebagai KNF adalah penyakit keganasan sel skuamosa pada lapisan epitel nasofaring. Konsumsi makanan diawetkan menyumbang persentase tertinggi penyebab KNF sebesar 35,5%, salah satu makanan diawetkan adalah ikan asin. Terdapat perbedaan pendapat di antara studi-studi yang ada mengenai pengaruh konsumsi ikan asin terhadap risiko kanker nasofaring. Beberapa studi menunjukkan adanya peningkatan risiko, sementara studi lainnya menyatakan bahwa konsumsi ikan asin tidak memiliki pengaruh signifikan terhadap kejadian kanker nasofaring. Tujuan: membuktikan konsumsi ikan asin meningkatkan risiko kanker nasofaring. Metode: Tinjauan sistematik dan meta-analisis. Hasil; Dari enam studi, lima studi menunjukkan hasil yang signifikan dan satu studi menunjukkan hasil yang tidak signifikan. Hasil meta-analisis didapatkan nilai p<0,00001 dan crude OR sebesar 1,65. Kesimpulan: Konsumsi ikan asin lebih dari tiga kali dalam satu bulan dapat meningkatkan risiko kanker nasofaring sebesar 1,65 kali.
Background: Nasopharyngeal cancer, often referred to as NPC, is a disease of squamous cells on the epithelial layer of the nasopharynx. Consumption of foods contributed to the highest percentage of KNF causes at 35.5%, one of the foods consumed was salted fish. There are differences of opinion between existing studies on the influence of salted fish consumption on the risk of nasopharyngeal cancer. Some studies indicate an increased risk, while other studies state that salted fishing has no significant influence on the incidence of nasopharynx cancer. Objective: Prove that the consumption of salted fish increases the risk of nasopharyngeal cancer. Methods: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Results; Out of six studies, five studies showed significant results and one study showed insignificant results. The meta-analysis resulted in a p<0,00001 and a crude OR of 1.65. Conclusion: Consumption of salted fish more than three times in a month can increase the risk of nasopharyngeal cancer by 1.65 times.
References
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
Adham, M., A. N. Kurniawan, A. I. Muhtadi, A. Roezin, B. Hermani, S. Gondhowiardjo, I. Bing Tan, dan J. M. Middeldorp. 2012. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma in indonesia: epidemiology, incidence, signs, and symptoms at presentation. Chinese Journal of Cancer. 31(4):185–196.
Ahmad, A., M. Akma Mustapa Kamal Basha, W. Mohd. Yassin, Nor Azlina A. Rahman, Wan Ishlah Leman, Luqman Rosla, Sharifah Nor Ezura Syed Yussof, Mark Paul, Kamariah MohamedAwang, Kahari Abdullah, dan Mohd. Arifin Kaderi. 2022. Identification of risk factors associated with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (npc) in the pahang state of malaysia hospitals. Makara Journal of Health Research. 26(1)
Azizah, N., R. Hanriko, dan N. Ramkita. 2017. Hubungan antara konsumsi ikan asin, ikan/daging asap, dan makanan berkaleng dengan karsinoma nasofaring di rsud abdul moeloek periode tahun 2014-2016. Jurnal Kesehatan Dan Agromedicine Unila. 4(2):260–263.
Barrett, D., A. Ploner, E. T. Chang, Z. Liu, C. X. Zhang, Q. Liu, Y. Cai, Z. Zhang, G. Chen, Q. H. Huang, S. H. Xie, S. M. Cao, J. Y. Shao, W. H. Jia, Y. Zheng, J. Liao, Y. Chen, L. Lin, I. Ernberg, H. O. Adami, G. Huang, Y. Zeng, Y. X. Zeng, dan W. Ye. 2019. Past and recent salted fish and preserved food intakes are weakly associated with nasopharyngeal carcinoma risk in adults in southern china. The Journal of Nutrition. 149(9):1596–1605.
Chen, Y., E. T. Chang, Z. Liu, Q. Liu, Y. Cai, Z. Zhang, G. Chen, Q. H. Huang, S. H. Xie, S. M. Cao, W. H. Jia, Y. Zheng, Y. Li, L. Lin, I. Ernberg, H. Zhao, R. Feng, G. Huang, Y. Zeng, Y. X. Zeng, H. O. Adami, dan W. Ye. 2021. Residence characteristics and risk of nasopharyngeal carcinoma in southern china: a population-based case-control study. Environment International. 151
Fachiroh, J., S. Sangrajrang, M. Johansson, H. Renard, V. Gaborieau, A. Chabrier, S. Chindavijak, P. Brennan, dan J. D. McKay. 2012. Tobacco consumption and genetic susceptibility to nasopharyngeal carcinoma (npc) in thailand. Cancer Causes and Control. 23(12):1995–2002.
He, Y. Q., W. Q. Xue, G. P. Shen, L. L. Tang, Y. X. Zeng, dan W. H. Jia. 2015. Household inhalants exposure and nasopharyngeal carcinoma risk: a large-scale case-control study in guangdong, china. BMC Cancer. 15(1)
Hsu, W. L., W. H. Pan, Y. C. Chien, K. J. Yu, Y. J. Cheng, J. Y. Chen, M. Y. Liu, M. M. Hsu, P. J. Lou, I. H. Chen, C. S. Yang, A. Hildesheim, dan C. J. Chen. 2012. Lowered risk of nasopharyngeal carcinoma and intake of plant vitamin, fresh fish, green tea and coffee: a case-control study in taiwan. PLoS ONE. 7(7):e41779.
Jia, W.-H., X.-Y. Luo, B.-J. Feng, H.-L. Ruan, J.-X. Bei, W.-S. Liu, H.-D. Qin, Q.-S. Feng, L.-Z. Chen, S. Yin Yao, dan Y.-X. Zeng. 2010. Traditional Cantonese Diet and Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Risk: A Large-Scale Case-Control Study in Guangdong, China
Kasim, M., Tan’im, U. Pebriyani, dan E. Aprillya. 2020. The consumption of salted fish and smoked meats with the incidence of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Jurnal Ilmiah Kesehatan Sandi Husada. 9(1):62–71.
Komite Penanggulangan Kanker Nasional Kementerian Kesehatan RI. 2019. Pedoman Nasional Pelayanan F18Kedokteran Tata Laksana Kanker Nasofaring
Kuswandi, A., N. H. Kuswandi, M. Kasim, Tan’im, dan M. Wulandari. 2020. Karakteristik histopatologi dan stadium klinis kanker nasofaring. Jurnal Ilmiah Kesehatan Sandi Husada. 9(1):243–251.
Lau, H. Y., C. M. Leung, Y. H. Chan, A. W. ing M. Lee, D. L. ai W. Kwong, M. L. i. Lung, dan T. H. Lam. 2013. Secular trends of salted fish consumption and nasopharyngeal carcinoma: a multi-jurisdiction ecological study in 8 regions from 3 continents. BMC Cancer. 13:298.
Muhammad, E. Nurcahya Dewi, dan R. Ayu Kurniasih. 2019. Lipid oxidation in yellow tail salted fish (caesio cuning) with different salt concentration. Jurnal Ilmu Dan Teknologi Perikanan. 1(2):67–75.
Nuaba, I. G. A., T. S. Nalle, dan I. W. Weta. 2020. Correlation of cigarette smoking and salted fish consumption with nasopharyngeal carcinoma and its clinical stage in orl-hns outpatient, sanglah general hospital. International Journal of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma. 2(4):103–107.
Pratiwi, A. dan M. Imanto. 2020. Karsinoma nasofaring dengan multiple cranial nerve palsy pada pasien wanita usia 52 tahun. Medula. 9(4):609–615.
Saqinah, F. dan D. Susanti. 2023. Perkembangan otak anak usia dini dan dampaknya pada kehidupan seumur hidup. Jurnal Tambora. 7(1):302–311.
Seo, J. eun, J. eun Park, Y. Lee, B. Do, J. yeon Lee, dan H. Kwon. 2022. Effect of cooking method on the concentrations of volatile n-nitrosamines in various food products. Journal of Food Processing and Preservation. 46(7):e16590.
Shah, A. B. dan S. Nagalli. 2022. Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK554588/ [Diakses pada July 5, 2023].
Sulaksana, M. A. dan H. Kadriyan. 2019. Characteristics and risk factors of patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma in west nusa tenggara hospital. International Journal of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma. 1(3):83–85.
Suta, P. D. D., K. A. D. Saputra, dan S. W. D. Sutanegara. 2019. Profil penderita kanker nasofaring di rumah sakit umum pusat sanglah denpasar periode januari - desember tahun 2014. E-Jurnal Medika Udayana. 8(2)
Syamdidi. 2012. The use of chemical additives for fisheries product preservation. Squalen. 7(2):79–87.
Xie, S. H., I. T. S. Yu, L. A. Tse, O. W. K. Mang, dan L. Yue. 2013. Sex difference in the incidence of nasopharyngeal carcinoma in hong kong 1983-2008: suggestion of a potential protective role of oestrogen. European Journal of Cancer. 49(1):150–155.
Xu, F. H., D. Xiong, Y. F. Xu, S. M. Cao, W. Q. Xue, H. De Qin, W. S. Liu, J. Y. Cao, Y. Zhang, Q. S. Feng, L. Z. Chen, M. Z. Li, Z. W. Liu, Q. Liu, M. H. Hong, Y. Y. Shugart, Y. X. Zeng, M. S. Zeng, dan W. H. Jia. 2012. An epidemiological and molecular study of the relationship between smoking, risk of nasopharyngeal carcinoma, and epsteinbarr virus activation. Journal of the National Cancer Institute. 104(18):1396–1410.
Zein, E., N. Shinta Rumastika, dan P. Wulandari. 2020. Hubungan faktor risiko dengan kejadian karsinoma nasofaring (knf) di rsd dr. soebandi periode january 2017- maret 2019. Journal of Agromedicine and Medical Sciences. 6(3):130–136.
?
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 AL MUNAWIR, Yusufa Dika Pangestu, Laksmi Indreswari
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
